Assigning and managing patron reservations for distributed services using wireless personal communication devices

ABSTRACT

A system and method for assigning and managing patron reservations to one or more of a plurality of attractions receive reservation requests at personal communication devices (PCDs). Reservation requests are transmitted to a computer associated with the selected attraction, which determines a proposed reservation time based on information describing the attraction, the patron, previously-made reservations maintained in a virtual queue, and the current state of a physical queue associated with the attraction. Proposed reservation time is transmitted to the PCD for confirmation or rejection by the patron. Confirmed reservations are entered in the virtual queue. Patrons are alerted by the PCD when their reservation time is approaching.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/011,201, entitled “Assigning and Managing Patron Reservations forDistributed Services Using Wireless Personal Communication Devices” andfiled Jan. 21, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.No. 12/392,001, filed Feb. 24, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,895,066, whichis a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/860,846, filed Jun. 3,2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,516,148, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 09/431,331, filed Nov. 1, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No.6,748,364, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.08/845,504, filed Apr. 24, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,770, all ofwhich are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to scheduling patron reservations infacilities offering numerous attractions, and more particularly, tosystems, methods, and apparatuses for assigning and managingreservations using wireless personal communication devices.

2. Description of the Related Art

One of the most difficult problems to solve in the design and operationof amusement parks is managing the queuing of patrons for rides andother attractions. Conventionally, each attraction has one physicalline, or queue, in which patrons wait. Lines for very popularattractions can last many hours, during which the customer merelyshuffles along until finally admitted to the attraction. Since a patroncan only be in one line at a time, a great deal of time may be lostmerely standing in line for attractions. Such conventional approachesinherently misallocate patrons to attractions; while standing in linefor one attraction, there may be little or no line for anotherattraction that the patron is interested in attending. Yet, the patroncannot be in both lines at once, and so the patron unfortunately waitsin the one line for the first attraction, and then, perhaps much latergoes to the second attraction, only to find that it now has asignificant line.

To ease this situation, amusement parks go to great lengths to designdistractions where the line forms, often snaking the line throughvarious structures to conceal the true length of the line, or providingvarious amusements to the patrons in line. Obviously, this approach doesnot solve the misallocation problem. Fundamentally, the more timepatrons spend standing in line, the less time they have to ride or seeother attractions, and the less time they have to purchase concessions.Furthermore, patrons find it frustrating to spend an overwhelmingproportion of their day standing in lines rather than enjoying theattractions. Thus, it is desirable to reduce the time patrons stand inline for attractions, rides, amusements, and other services.

The misallocation problem results in part from two constraints. Thefirst constraint is the inability of patrons to queue in more than oneline at a time. The second constraint is a lack of communication: first,an inability of patrons to communicate their intention to attendparticular attractions, and in effect, request a reservation for anattraction; and second, an inability to inform patrons remotely whentheir reservation is available for the attraction.

Systems for scheduling and queuing patrons or customers are known.Conventionally, many of these systems attempt to allocate patrons totypically one, though sometimes several, services or service providers.In many conventional systems, there is some central management of thequeuing and scheduling process. For example, well-known service systems,such as used in delicatessens, banks, or the like, employ a ticketingdevice that provides customers with numbered tickets, effectivelycreating a single queue, and then servers serve the next person in thequeue. Variations of these systems use a main queue and direct customersfrom the main queue to individual queues for individual services, whichmay be priority queues. Systems such as these are impractical whenapplied to amusement parks, given the large number of attractions, thevast number of patrons, and the geographic dispersion of the park. Hencethe use of simple queues at each attraction has been the long-standingmodel of amusement park design.

Conventional systems now even include pagers to page customers as towhen a service or service provider is available. In these pager-basedsystems, the pager is merely used as a notification device, and providesno utility to allow the customer to reserve or schedule service. Rather,the pagers are used merely to notify the patron that a server isavailable. The patron still signs up for service in conventional manner,such as through a receptionist, and then is provided a pager. Thesesystems are thus inapplicable to the amusement park model because theydo not allow patrons to signal or reserve an attraction ahead of time,or to obtain information about waiting times for attractions. Further,unlike amusement parks where the patron intends to visit numerousattractions and amusements over an entire day, conventional pager-basedsystems are designed for a single service per patron. Once the serviceis provided, the patron returns the pager and leaves the premises.

Another problem with conventional systems is that the patron views thetime spent in line as an investment. If an attraction malfunctions, orif some other factor necessitates a delay or cancellation of thepatron's place in line, the patron typically feels extremelydisappointed and frustrated at having wasted a significant amount oftime in line. Therefore, it is advantageous to be able to inform patronsremotely when there is a problem with an attraction, perhaps even beforea reservation is made for the attraction.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide systems, methods, andapparatuses that allows patrons to obtain information about waitingtimes for various attractions, amusements, or services throughout anamusement park or other service area, make reservations for certain onesof these, be alerted when a desired attraction becomes available, and beupdated when changes are made to reservations. Furthermore, it isdesirable to allow a patron to effectively “wait” in line while engagingin other activities in the park—such as purchasing concessions orattending other attractions—so that the time spent waiting is otherwiseproductive, thus reducing the feeling of having wasted time when delaysor malfunctions occur.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a system that allows patrons in an amusement park or otherfacility to schedule reservations in queues for attractions and otherservices. In one embodiment of the system, there is provided a pluralityof hand-held, wireless personal communication devices (PCDs), and aplurality of attraction computers, each associated with one of theattractions. The attraction computers and the PCDs communicate with oneanother over a wireless network to manage the scheduling ofreservations. A central attraction control interface permits amusementpark staff to monitor and modify the reservation information for thevarious attractions.

A group of patrons, such as a family, entering the park is given one ormore PCDs. Each PCD includes a screen display for displaying text andgraphic information as well as an input device for receiving input fromthe patron using the device. Each PCD stores information identifying thenumber of individuals in the patron's group, as well as relevantcharacteristics of the individuals, such as age and height, for example.These factors are typically entered by the patron when he or she firstreceives the device; the factors may be relevant in determining whetherreservation requests for particular attractions are valid, givenparticular physical restrictions of various attractions.

The PCDs communicate with the attraction computers through a wirelesscommunication network; accordingly the PCDs and attraction computerseach include both transmitter and receiver components for bi-directionalcommunication of data. In one embodiment, the system also includes aplurality of communication receivers and transmitters located throughoutthe amusement park for facilitating communication between the PCDs andthe attraction computers.

A PCD receives user input from the patron requesting a reservation for aparticular attraction. The reservation is filtered by the PCD todetermine its validity. If the request is valid, it is transmitted tothe corresponding attraction computer via the wireless network. Theattraction computer processes the incoming reservation request todetermine whether and when the reservation can be accommodated. Aproposed reservation time is provisionally stored in a virtual queue andtransmitted back to the PCD for confirmation or rejection by the patron.If the patron elects to confirm the proposed reservation time, the PCDtransmits a confirmation message to the attraction computer whichconfirms the reservation in the virtual queue. If the patron rejects thereservation or does not confirm it within a predetermined time period,the reservation is removed from the virtual queue and the proposedreservation time is released so that it may be made available to otherpatrons.

Updates to reservation times may be required due to problems withattractions or other unforeseen circumstances. If necessary, theattraction computer may transmit an alert message to the PCD to informthe patron of a change to his or her reservation time. The patron maythen be given the opportunity to accept the new reservation time,reschedule, or cancel the reservation. In addition, patrons may initiatechanges or cancellations to reservations which result in further updatesto the queues stored at attraction computers.

When a reserved time is approaching, the PCD in one embodiment alertsthe patron to remind him or her to proceed to the attraction. This alertmay take the form of an audible message or beep, a visual indication onthe screen, or a vibration as is conventionally used in pager systems.Some combination of these techniques may also be used. The patron hasthe opportunity to cancel the reservation at any time if desired. If thereservation is not canceled, the patron proceeds to the attraction,where a sensor detects the patron's entry, and updates the storedvirtual queue accordingly. The continual monitoring of patrons arrivingat the attraction, and updating of the virtual queue enables theattraction computer to dynamically determine future reservation timesfor other patrons. The attraction computer maintains data on the numbersof patrons, reservations times, cancellations and the like, to providereports to the staff.

The present invention is designed to operate in conjunction withconventional physical queues as well. Thus, in one embodiment, for aparticular attraction, there is typically a physical queue (line) inaddition to the stored virtual queue in the attraction computer. Personsin the physical queue are admitted on a regular basis, and in confluencewith those patrons arriving at the attraction who previously made anelectronic reservation. The scheduling of advance reservations takesinto account the presence of patrons in the physical queue, so that acertain number of such patrons may be admitted between admissions ofpatrons from the virtual queue. The management of the virtual queue cantherefore be adjusted as desired to balance admissions by patrons in thephysical queue with respect to admissions by patrons in the virtualqueue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of hardware architecture of a personalcommunication device according to the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of hardware architecture of an attractioncomputer according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of software architecture of a personalcommunication device and an attraction computer according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of sample patron information records.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of sample attraction description records.

FIG. 2C is a diagram of sample local reservation records.

FIG. 2D is a diagram of sample virtual queue records.

FIG. 2E is a diagram of a sample attraction information record.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method of making a reservation accordingto the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method of filtering a reservationrequest according to the present invention.

FIG. 4A is a data structure for messages according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 is a state diagram showing operation of the PCD according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 5A is a sample screen for entry of information describing a patronand his or her group according to the present invention.

FIG. 5B is a sample screen for requesting reservations, obtaininginformation, and viewing, modifying or canceling previously-madereservations according to the present invention.

FIG. 5C is a sample screen for sending a reservation request accordingto the present invention.

FIG. 5D is a sample screen for display while awaiting a response to areservation request, according to the present invention.

FIG. 5E is a sample screen including a dialog box for confirmation,rejection, or rescheduling of a proposed reservation time.

FIG. 6 is a state diagram showing operation of the attraction computeraccording to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method of processing requests forreservations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For illustrative purposes, the description which follows describes anembodiment of the present invention with reference to an amusement parkcontaining a number of attractions such as rides. The present inventionmay also be applied to other environments involving patron reservationsfor distributed services, such as for example, shows, restaurants,sporting events, and the like. The terms used herein are forillustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting thescope of the invention as defined in the claims.

System Architecture

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of a reservationsystem 100 according to the present invention. A plurality of attractioncomputers 101 is provided, each associated with a particular attraction.In one embodiment these attraction computers are implemented ascomponents of a single computer system or group of computer systems.Each component may be a distinct processor or processing node within thecomputer or group. In another embodiment, each attraction computer isimplemented as a separate computer and may be physically disposed at ornear its associated attraction.

Referring also to FIG. 1B, there is shown the hardware architecture foran implementation of attraction computer 101. Attraction computers 101are implemented using conventional computer systems, including amicroprocessor or central processing unit (CPU) 120, random-accessmemory (RAM) 123, disk storage 125, input device 121 such as keyboardand/or mouse, output device such as display screen 122. Attractioncomputers 101 are programmed with specific software to operate inaccordance with the present invention. A suitable attraction computer101 for use at an individual attraction may be implemented using an IBMPC compatible computer, with an Intel Pentium™ processor, usingMicrosoft Windows 95 or Windows NT operating systems. A suitableattraction computer 101 may be implemented as a component of a singlecomputer system using an IBM AS400 computer system. Attraction computers101 also contain wireless communication hardware 124 for transmissionand reception of data to other components of system 100 over a wirelesscommunications network 105, as will be described in more detail below.

Each attraction computer 101 maintains information describing theassociated attraction, including general static information such as theattraction's capacity, throughput, description of the attraction, heightand weight requirements for patrons, geographic location, hours ofoperation, and the like. In addition, attraction computer 101 maintainsinformation describing the current state and reservation status of theattraction, as will be described more fully below. In one embodiment ofthe present invention, each attraction computer 101 is associated with aphysical queue monitor 103 which monitors the current state of thephysical queue for the corresponding attraction, wherein patronsphysically line up and wait for admission to the attraction. In oneembodiment, monitor 103 is implemented using a series of photoelectriccells to determine the physical position of the end of the line in orderto estimate the number of people in the physical queue. In anotherembodiment, monitor 103 is implemented using a turnstile to count thenumber of patrons entering the physical queue. In yet anotherembodiment, monitor 103 is implemented by manually counting orestimating the number of people in the line and providing thisinformation as an input to attraction computer 101. By keeping track ofhow many people are in the physical queue for the attraction, attractioncomputer 101 is able to more accurately estimate current and futureavailability of the attraction for purposes of making electronicreservations.

System 100 also includes a plurality of personal communication devices(PCDs) 102, each associated with a patron or group of patrons visitingthe park. In one embodiment, PCDs 102 are implemented as shown in FIG.1A, using conventional, small, hand-held portable computers including arechargeable battery (not shown), microprocessor or CPU 106, displayscreen 109, auxiliary output device 110 such as audio speaker orvibration mechanism, input device such as a pen-based input device 108,RAM 107, and storage device such as a disk drive 111. PCDs 102 may beimplemented, for example using Casio Zoomer™ personal digital assistant(PDA), U.S. Robotics' Pilot™ PDA, Apple Computer's Newton 120 PDA,Hewlett-Packard's OmniGo 1000 PDA, and the like. PCDs 102 are programmedwith specific software to configure them to operate in accordance withthe present invention. PCDs 102 also include wireless communicationhardware 112 for transmission and reception of data to other componentsof system 100 over wireless communications network 105, as will bedescribed more fully below. PCDs 102 communicate with attractioncomputers 101, as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1, to transmitreservation requests, receive proposed reservation times, and transmitreservation confirmations, as will be described below.

Central attraction control interface 104 is implemented in oneembodiment as a conventional centralized computer system allowing accessto all attraction computers 101 by park staff. Interface 104 facilitatesmonitoring of virtual and physical queues for all attractions, as wellas reservation schedules and other information describing the state ofthe attractions. Interface 104 also allows park staff to manually changethe data describing any of the individual attractions, such throughputestimates, hours of operation, reservation schedules, attractioninformation, and any other information stored in attraction computers101, as needed. This may be useful, for example, when a particularattraction is functioning at lower than usual capacity due to someunforeseen factors, or when the hours of operation of an attraction arechanged.

Wireless communications network 105 transmits messages betweencommunication hardware 124 of attraction computers 101 and communicationhardware 112 of PCDs 102. Network 105 may be implemented using any of anumber of known wireless technologies, including for example infrared,conventional point-to-point radio transmission, conventionalcellular/paging networks, or any combination thereof. It will beapparent to those skilled in the art that the particular technology thatmay be optimal for a particular application will depend upon severalfactors, including performance, environment, scale, cost, and the like.In one exemplary embodiment, network 105 is implemented using an ARDISNationwide network, available from wide-area wireless data serviceproviders such as Motorola or RAM Mobile Data. In alternativeembodiments, network 105 is implemented using a RICOCHET™ wirelessmodem/Internet connection from Metricom, or a Dayna “Roamer” wirelesslocal area network. In yet another embodiment, network 105 isimplemented using conventional off-the-shelf products such as aRadio-Modem from DataRadio for direct point-to-point data communicationsintegrated with an infrared receiver/transmitter for locations whereradio communication is impractical or inappropriate.

Although FIG. 1 shows three attraction computers 101 and four patronPCDs 102, there may be any number of each of such elements, depending onthe nature of the park, the number of patrons attending, and otherfactors.

Software Architecture

Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a block diagram of the softwarearchitecture of an attraction computer 101 and a PCD 102. PCD 102contains a user interface component 201 for receiving input from apatron and for displaying information to the patron. In one embodiment,user interface 201 is implemented in graphic form with on-screencommands, buttons, menu items, and text input boxes, operable by eithera touch-sensitive screen 109 or pen-based pointing device 108. Uponinitial entry into the park, and payment of a rental fee if necessary,the patron is provided with a PCD 102. Upon activation, PCD 102 executesan initialization module 214 that prompts the patron via user interface201 to input patron information describing his or her group, as isdescribed below in connection with FIG. 5A. Such information is storedin patron information storage 202 which is a part of the random-accessmemory (RAM) 107 or magnetic storage (e.g. disk drive) 111 of the PCD102.

Referring now also to FIG. 2A, there is shown a set of sample patroninformation records 226 stored in storage 202 according to an embodimentof the present invention. Each record 226 refers to a single member(“guest”) of the patron's group, and contains the following fields:

-   -   Guest number 227 identifies each member of the patron's group.        This number is unique to each member within a particular group,        so that in conjunction with PCD ID (described below), it        identifies every guest in the park.    -   Name 220 contains an ASCII string representing the guest's name        (first and/or last). This field is used to specify in user        interface 201 which guests are included in a reservation.    -   Age 221 in years.    -   Sex 222 may be represented by a binary digit.    -   Height 223 in inches.    -   Weight 224 in pounds.    -   Flags 225 contains encoded information describing preferences        and characteristics of the guest.

Age 221, height 223, weight 224, and flags 225 are used by filteringmodule 203 to determine validity of reservation requests, as describedbelow. Other types of information may also be provided in records 226 asmay be useful in performing the functions of the present invention.Storage 202 may also contain historical data describing performance ofthe patron's group in keeping, reservations, for use by attractioncomputer 101 in estimating a probability that the patron will actuallyattend an attraction for which there is a confirmed reservation. In oneembodiment, such data is encapsulated in a Ride Probability value, whichis transmitted along with reservation requests as further describedbelow. Ride probability represents an estimated probability that thepatron will show up for the reservation, represented as a percentage. Inone embodiment, it starts at a predefined amount and is dynamicallyestimated based on performance of the patron in keeping reservations.The probability of confirmation may be computed, for example, bydividing the number of reservations that the patron has confirmed oraccepted, by the total number of reservations requested by the patron;other more sophisticated calculations may also be used, incorporatingfor example, time of day, location within park, distance to attraction,or other information.

PCD 102 optionally contains descriptions of the various attractions inthe park, stored in attraction description storage 205, which is alsoimplemented in RAM 107 or disk drive 111. It is advantageous to storesuch information locally within PCD 102 so that it can be accessed bythe patron without necessitating communication with one or more ofattraction computers 101 in order to obtain this information.

Referring now also to FIG. 2B, there is shown a set of attractiondescription records 236 stored in storage 205 according to an embodimentof the present invention. Each record 236 refers to a particularattraction in the park, and contains the following fields:

-   -   Attraction ID 423 is a unique identification number that        identifies the attraction. When reservation requests are        generated, this number 423 enables the communications module to        properly direct the request to the appropriate attraction        computer 101.    -   Name 231 contains an ASCII string representing the name of the        attraction.    -   Pointer to description 232 contains a pointer to a location in        PCD memory containing text and/or graphic descriptions of the        attraction. PCD 102 accesses the referenced memory location to        display the attraction description to the patron.    -   Age 237 specifies minimum and maximum ages for the attraction,        in years.    -   Height 238 specifies minimum and maximum heights for the        attraction, in inches.    -   Weight 239 specifies minimum and maximum weights for the        attraction, in pounds.    -   Location 233 specifies the location of the attraction in the        park. In one embodiment, this is specified in grid coordinates        to some useful level of resolution, such as 10 meters. Other        forms of location data may also be used, such as Global        Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, and the like.    -   Operating hours 234 of the attraction.    -   Flags 235 contains encoded information describing other        characteristics of the attraction as deemed useful for        operation.

Age 237, height 238, weight 239, location 233, operating hours 234, andflags 235 are used by filtering module 203 to determine validity ofreservation requests, as described below. Other information may also beprovided in records 236 as may be useful in performing the functions ofthe present invention.

In one embodiment, request filtering and generation module 203 processesreservation requests for particular attractions by accessing patroninformation storage 202 and attraction description storage 205 as willbe described below. The module 203 determines whether such reservationsrequests are valid, by applying predetermined filtering rules to therequest for the attraction. These filtering rules may compare the patrondescription data to the attraction requirements to determine whether thepatron is allowed to attend the attraction, whether the attraction iscurrently operating, and whether the patron has exceeded a limitednumber of reservations at various attractions, and the like. The module203 preferably informs the user when a request is determined to beinvalid. Module 203 is implemented as a software module running on CPU106 in PCD 102.

In an alternative embodiment, module 203 does not perform any filtering,but sends all reservation requests to attraction computer 101. In thisembodiment, all such filtering is performed in attraction computer 101.One advantage of this embodiment is that PCD 102 does not have to storeand update dynamic information in attraction description information205. Depending on the particular configuration and the nature of theamusement park and attractions, such a scheme may be preferable.

Communications module 207 of PCD 102 obtains valid requests fromfiltering and generation module 203. Module 207, in conjunction withcommunication drivers implemented in software, transmits the validrequests to wireless communication hardware 112 of PCD 102.Communication hardware 112 sends the message over wirelesscommunications network 105 to wireless hardware 124 of attractioncomputer 101. Hardware 124, in conjunction with additional communicationdrivers implemented in software, delivers the requests corresponding tothe selected attraction for the reservation to communications module 211coupled to attraction computer 101.

Module 207 receives proposed reservation information from module 211 ina similar fashion, and also transmits confirmations of reservations backto module 211. Module 207 is implemented using wirelesstransmitter/receiver 112 and attendant software, as is well known in theart, so that the plurality of PCDs 102 and attraction computers 101 arelinked by wireless communications network 105. As will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, known buffering and handshaking protocols areemployed as is conventional in communication drivers and hardware, toimplement the above-described operation.

Reservation confirmation module 208 receives a proposed reservation timefrom an attraction computer 101, and presents the proposed reservationtime to the patron for confirmation or rejection. Module 208 isimplemented as a software module running on CPU 106 in PCD 102. Module208 is coupled to user interface 201 to present the appropriate optionsto the patron and to receive the patron's response, which may includingaccepting or rejecting the reservation time, or requesting additionalinformation.

Local reservation storage 206 maintains information describing pendingand confirmed reservations for the patron. It is advantageous tomaintain this information locally in PCD 102 so that reservation alertsand other operations may be performed without necessitatingcommunication with an attraction computer 101. Storage 206 isimplemented in RAM 107 of PCD 102 or in a magnetic storage such as diskdrive 111. The reservation confirmation module 208 stores datadescribing confirmed and pending reservations in local reservationstorage 206 in response to patron requests and confirmation via userinterface module 201.

Referring now also to FIG. 2C, there is shown a set of local reservationrecords 244 stored in storage 206 according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. Each record 244 refers to a particular pending orconfirmed reservation for the patron, and contains the following fields:

-   -   Request ID 422 is a unique identification number for the request        generated by PCD 102. This enables PCD 102 to distinguish this        specific request from others that the patron may have made or        may make in the future, so as to enable correct identification        of requests in the local reservation information storage 206,        and handling of responses from attraction computer 101.    -   Attraction ID 423 is a unique identification number that        identifies the attraction.    -   Time 241 of the reservation.    -   Who 242 specifies which guest numbers in the patron's group are        included in the reservation. This cross-references to guest        numbers 227 stored in 202.    -   Flags 243 contains encoded information describing other        characteristics of the attraction, including for example a flag        specifying whether the reservation is pending (awaiting        response) or confirmed.

Other information may also be provided in records 244 as may be usefulin performing the functions of the present invention.

Reservation alert module 204 alerts the patron when a reserved time isapproaching, as described in detail below in connection with FIG. 5.Module 204 is implemented as a software module running on CPU 106 in PCD102.

Attraction computer 101 contains a request processor 209 for processingreservation requests received by communications module 211, usinginformation from virtual queue 210, attraction information storage 213,and physical queue monitor 103. Request processor 209 is implemented asa software module running on CPU 120 in attraction computer 102. Requestprocessor 209 operates as described below in connection with the statediagram shown in FIG. 6.

Communications module 211 receives reservation requests fromcommunications module 207 of PCD 102 over network 105. Module 211 alsotransmits proposed reservation information provided by request processor209 to module 207 and receives confirmations of reservations from module207. Module 211 is implemented using wireless transmitter/receiver 124and attendant software as is well known in the art.

Virtual queue 210 maintains a list of pending and confirmed reservationsfor the attraction. Virtual queue 210 holds a varying number ofreservations, each reservation having data identifying or describing thepatron holding the reservation, and either a time or position for thereservation.

Referring now also to FIG. 2D, there is shown, as an example, a set ofrecords 254 stored in virtual queue 210 according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. Each record 254 refers to a particular pending orconfirmed reservation for the patron, and contains the following fields:

-   -   Record number 251 specifies the sequence of reservations for a        particular attraction. It is also used as an index number for        the records, starting at zero and continuing to N−1, where N is        the total number of records.    -   Request ID 422 is a unique identification number for the        reservation request as, generated by PCD 102 that sent the        request to the attraction computer 101.    -   PCD ID 421 uniquely identifies the PCD 102 that generated the        reservation request.    -   Time 241 of the reservation proposed or confirmed for the        reservation request.    -   Number of patrons 252 included in the reservation request.        Alternatively, this value can be derived from who information        242.    -   Who 242 is an optional field for specifying which guest numbers        in the patron's group are included in the reservation.    -   Flags 243 contains encoded information describing other        characteristics of the attraction, including for example a flag        specifying whether the reservation request is pending (awaiting        response) or confirmed.    -   Ride probability 253 is an optional field representing an        estimated probability that the patron will show up for the        reservation, as described above. In one embodiment, PCD 102        transmits this information as part of a reservation request and        this field is then stored in virtual queue 210. The usage of        ride probability 253 is described below in connection with FIG.        7.

Other information may also be provided in records 244 as may be usefulin performing the functions of the present invention.

Information in virtual queue 210 is updated by request processor 209 andis accessed by request processor 209 as needed. When requested, requestprocessor 209 determines the next available time or position for areservation from the virtual queue 210, as described below. Finally,central attraction control interface 104 is able to access virtualqueue. 210 so that park staff can monitor the reservation status forattractions and make adjustments and modifications when appropriate.Virtual queue 210 is preferably stored in RAM 123 and may be stored, ormirrored to magnetic storage such as disk drive 125 for fault tolerance.It is advantageous to organize virtual queue 210 as a linked list sothat entries can be easily inserted and removed at any point in thequeue. Alternatively, virtual queue 210 may be implemented in arelational database, or other suitable data store.

Queue updater 212 makes adjustments to virtual queue 210 whennecessitated by changes in the status of the attraction. These changesin status may be reflected in information from physical queue monitor103 (for example, a dramatic change in the number of people in thephysical queue), or some other change to attraction information storedin storage 213 and updated by central attraction control interface 104.For example, a dramatic increase in the number of people in the physicalqueue, or a temporary malfunction in the attraction, may causereservations in virtual queue 210 to be pushed back by some amount.Changes made by queue updater 212 are sent to PCDs 102 as necessarythrough communications module 211 so that patrons are made aware of anyadjustments made to their schedule resulting from the changes. Queueupdater 212 is implemented as a software module running on CPU 120 inattraction computer 102.

Attraction information storage 213 maintains current informationdescribing the particular attraction associated with attraction computer101. Referring now to FIG. 2E, there is shown a representative sample ofthe information that is stored in 213 in one embodiment, as follows:

-   -   Attraction ID 423, name 231, pointer to description 232, age        restrictions 237, height restrictions 238, weight restrictions        239, location 233, and operating hours 234, as described above        in connection with storage 205.    -   Cycle capacity 261 represents the maximum number of guests that        can pass through the attraction as a unit, where applicable. For        example, the attraction may employ a series of cars, each        containing a fixed number of guests. The capacity of an        individual car is then the cycle capacity.    -   Estimated throughput 262 represents the estimated number of        guests per hour that may be admitted to the attraction.    -   Alternatively, storage 213 may contain an estimated number of        cycles per hour, so that the number of guests per hour can be        calculated.    -   Estimated downtime 263 represents the estimated percentage of        time the attraction will not be functioning, based on historical        data.    -   Nominal staff 265 represents the usual staffing requirement for        the attraction.    -   Current status 266 of the attraction, for example OPERATING,        CLOSED, SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, PAUSED, and the like.    -   Current throughput 267 is a measure of the current number of        guests per unit time (e.g. hour) being admitted to the        attraction.    -   Current staff 268 represents the number of employees currently        staffing the attraction.    -   Today's throughput 269 represents a historical average        throughput throughout the day, measured as guests per hour.    -   Today's downtime 270 represents the percentage of normal        operating hours during which the attraction has not been        functioning throughout the day.    -   Flags 264 represent other information that may be useful in        scheduling reservations.

Items 234 and 261 through 270 are used by request processor 209 indetermining scheduling of reservations. Static information such asestimated throughput 262, cycle capacity 261, operating hours 234, andthe like are entered during initialization of computer 101. Dynamicinformation such as current status 266, current staff 268, and the likemay be updated manually through central attraction control interface104, or updates may occur based on data from queue updater 212 andrequest processor 209. The information in storage 213 is provided asneeded to request processor 209, queue updater 212, and centralattraction control interface 104. Attraction information storage 213 isimplemented in RAM 123 or in magnetic storage such as a disk drive 125.

The preceding list is merely illustrative. Other items might be storedin 213 in addition to or in lieu of the listed items, as may beappropriate for the particular attractions. Also, other units or meansof measuring the listed items might be employed in other embodiments ofthe present invention.

System Operation

The various components of system 100 operate to take reservationrequests from patrons and schedule and confirm reservations. As patronstravel through the amusement park, they use PCDs 102 to requestreservations for particular attractions in the park. Referring now toFIG. 3, there is shown a flowchart of the overall operation of system100 in processing a reservation request from a patron. The steps shownin FIG. 3 are performed by various components of system 100. Moredetailed descriptions of various elements of the flowchart and thecomponents that perform the described steps are provided below.

First, the patron requests 302 a reservation for a selected attractionby entering the request using user interface 201 of PCD 102. The requestmay specify a particular time of day that the patron is interested in,or it may simply request the next available time for attending theattraction.

In one embodiment, filtering and generation module 203 retrieves 303patron information stored locally in information storage 202 and filters304 or screens the request according to various heuristics in order todetermine whether or not the request is valid.

If invalid, the request is rejected 305 and the patron is informed ofthe rejection. If valid, the request is transmitted 307 to attractioncomputer 101 for the requested attraction.

Request processor 209 in computer 101 determines 308 the availability ofthe attraction in accordance with the request. Attraction availabilityis determined based on attraction information stored in storage 213(such as, for example, operating hours for the attraction), virtualqueue 210 containing information describing pending reservations, andphysical queue monitor 103 which provides information describing thephysical queue for the attraction.

If processor 209 determines 309 that the attraction is not available,processor 209 rejects 310 the request. Computer 101 sends a message toPCD 102 to inform the patron that the attraction is unavailable.

If processor 209 determines 309 that the attraction is available 309,processor 209 determines 311 a proposed reservation time or position forthe patron. The time or position of the proposed reservation may bebased on a number of different factors, including the number ofreservations held in the virtual queue 210, data from physical queuemonitor 103 identifying the number of patrons physically present andwaiting for access to the attraction, historical time/demand data,current actual throughput (number of patrons being served per unittime), predicted throughput, the number of individuals in the patron'sparty, and other static or dynamic performance information. Thisreservation time is temporarily held in virtual queue 210, awaitingconfirmation from the patron.

Module 211 transmits 312 the message with the proposed reservation timeto PCD 102.

Module 208 displays the proposed reservation time and name of theattraction to the patron via user interface 201, and prompts the patronto either confirm or reject the reservation. The patron is given a fixedperiod of time in which to confirm or reject the reservation byproviding input to user interface 201. In one embodiment, during thistime, the patron is not permitted to make additional reservationrequests. The patron accepts or rejects the reservation by inputting asignal to PCD 102 via user interface 201; PCD 102 then transmits thesignal back to attraction computer 101.

The patron's confirmation or rejection is transmitted back to attractioncomputer 101 using modules 207 and 211. If the patron does not specifyconfirmation within the fixed period of time, PCD 102 sends a timeoutmessage to attraction computer 101, which considers the reservation tohave been rejected. In an alternative embodiment, attraction computer101 maintains a timeout counter to determine that no response has beenreceived from PCD 102 after a predetermine time period, so that notimeout message need be transmitted from PCD 102 to computer 101.

If the proposed time is not accepted 313, the temporarily heldreservation time is released in virtual queue 210, and the patron isinformed 310 of the acknowledgment of his or her rejection of theproposed reservation.

If the proposed time is accepted 313, the reservation is confirmed 314in both local reservation storage 206 and in the virtual queue 210 ofattraction computer 101. Optionally, the patron may be informed that thereservation is confirmed.

When the reservation time of some attraction is approaching, PCD 102alerts the patron with an audible message, beep, visual indication, orvibration. The patron and his or her group then proceed to theattraction, and enter.

PCD Operation

Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a state diagram of the operationof PCD 102 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

PCD 102 starts in an idle state 501. Various events may occur whichtrigger other states, as described below. During the idle state 501 thePCD 102 loops through a control loop and enters further states dependingon system messages, message types indicated in messages received fromattraction computers 101 (as explained below), internally generatedmessages, and clock events.

When PCD 102 is initially distributed to a patron, it enters aninitialize state 502 controlled by initialization module 214. PCD 102 isactivated, and its communication with network 105 is enabled, typicallyby exchanging initializing messages and handshaking with nodes innetwork 105. Attraction description information may be provided to PCD102 for local storage in attraction descriptions 205. The patron ispresented with a welcome message and is invited to enter informationdescribing his or her group via user interface 201. Patron informationtypically includes the number of people in the group, their ages,heights, and attraction preferences. FIG. 5A shows a sample screen 519for entry of such information for each member of the patron's group,including: fields 520 for entering name, age, height, and weight;checkboxes 521 for specifying health conditions; and checkboxes 522 forspecifying attraction and seating preferences. Other items of patroninformation may also be included as may be relevant for the particularamusement park. Individual preferences, such as how far in advance of anupcoming reservation to alert the patron (for example, five minutes orten minutes, or variable depending on distance to the attraction), maybe specified. Buttons 523 are used for canceling, proceeding to the nextmember of the group, or indicating that the patron is done enteringinformation. Once the information has been entered, it is stored asmember records in patron information 202. In one embodiment, suchinformation is also transmitted to storage 213 in attraction computers101 so that computers 101 can access the information locally whenprocessing reservations. In another embodiment, such information istransmitted to central attraction control interface 104 for centralizedstorage and access by connections to attraction computers 101. Duringinitializing state 502, PCD 102 may also receive input of rules for useby request filtering module 203, or such rules may be preloaded in PCD102 prior to distribution to patrons. PCD 102 returns to idle state 501.

While in idle state 501, user interface 201 presents a screen 540, asshown in FIG. 5B, which includes a scrollable and/or pageable list 541of available attractions, buttons 542 and 543 for obtaining informationor generating reservation requests for selected attractions, a button544 for changing patron information, a scrollable and/or pageable list545 of previously-made reservations, and buttons 546 and 547 formodifying or canceling previously-made reservations. If desired, thepatron may also be presented with a list of attractions that match theparticular preferences of the members of the patron's group or that arein relative proximity to the patron's current location. The currentlocation of the patron is determined by patron input to user interface201, or in one embodiment it is obtained automatically using a globalpositioning system (GPS) (not shown) in a conventional manner, coupledto patron information storage 202. In this embodiment, GPS datadescribing the patron's current location in the park is matched againstgeographic location data for the attractions in the attractiondescription storage 205 to determine those attractions the patron isnear. Activation of these screen elements by use of a pointing device108 or touch-sensitive screen 109 causes PCD 102 to enter variousstates, as described below.

A patron may request a reservation for a particular attraction asfollows. The patron selects one of the attractions in list 541 using apointing device. By clicking on button 542, the patron can obtainadditional information such as a description, location, height or agerestrictions, and the like, retrieved from local storage 206. Clickingon button 543 causes PCD 102 to enter state 503 for requestingreservations. FIG. 5C shows a sample display screen 560 for requesting areservation for a selected attraction. Window 561 provides descriptionsand pictures of the attraction. Button 562 allows the patron to requesta specific time for the reservation. Button 563 requests the nextavailable time. Button 564 exits the screen and returns PCD 102 to idlestate 501. Optionally, screen 560 also provides a mechanism for thepatron to indicate, if desired, which members of the patron's party areto be included in the reservation.

Once the reservation has been requested by the patron, PCD 102 entersstate 504, where relevant information is retrieved and the reservationis filtered to determine its validity.

Referring now also to FIG. 4, there is shown a flowchart of theretrieval 303 and filtering 304 operations. In one embodiment, suchoperations are performed locally without the need for communication withan attraction computer 101, as follows. Module 203 retrieves 303relevant information from storage 202, 205, and 206, including forexample:

-   -   patron information 401 describing how many people are in the        patron's group, ages, heights, medical conditions, and the like        from patron information 202;    -   patron location 402 describing the patron's current location in        the park, which may be derived automatically from Global        Positioning System (GPS) information, or may be manually entered        by the patron;    -   patron preferences 403 specifying particular types or        characteristics of attractions that the patron has indicated are        preferable, as encoded in flags 225 of storage 202;    -   other reservations 404 describing previously-made reservations        by the patron from local reservation information 206;    -   geographic location 405 of the requested attraction from        attraction descriptions 205;    -   restrictions or requirements 406 (such as age, height, medical        conditions, and the like) for the requested attraction from        attraction descriptions 205; and    -   operating hours 407 for the requested attraction from attraction        descriptions 205.

Once the relevant information has been retrieved, module 203 retrievespre-programmed rules 409 for validity determination of reservationrequests. Rules 409 are generally programmed into module 203 when PCD102 is initialized, and specify how the retrieved data is to beprocessed to determine validity. For example, a rule might specify thatthe patron may not have more than five reservations at a time; oranother rule may specify a maximum distance between the attractions fortwo successive reservations. Where PCD 102 is adapted to employ GlobalPositioning System (GPS) information, the patron may be limited tomaking reservations at attractions within a certain distance from theirpresent position. Module 203 may also check, for example, that membersof the group are of sufficient age and height to enjoy the selectedattraction by comparing information in patron information storage 202with the description data of the attraction in the attractiondescription storage 205. Module 203 may also ensure that no conflictingreservations have been made. Other processing based on locally-availableinformation may also be performed to filter or otherwise validate therequest.

Rules are applied 410 to the retrieved data and a determination is made411 as to the validity of the reservation request. If the request is notvalid, module 203 rejects 305 request and informs the patron of therejection by displaying a message via user interface 201, preferablystating the reason for the rejection. PCD 102 then returns to the idlestate 501. The patron may then enter a new request, or modify theexisting request.

If the request is valid, PCD 102 proceeds to state 505. Requestfiltering module 203 generates 408 a reservation request message totransmit the request for processing by attraction computer 101.Referring now to FIG. 4A, there is shown a data structure 420 for areservation request message according to one embodiment of the presentinvention. In one embodiment, the same data structure 420 is used forall messages in system 100, with differing types of messages beingdistinguished by unique values for MSG_TYPE 426. The request messagepreferably includes the following:

-   -   PCD_ID 421 is a unique identification or serial number of the        patron's PCD 102, allowing attraction computer 101 to identify        the source of the request, and to the respond to the specific        PCD 102 making the request.    -   MSG_TYPE 426 indicates the type of message being sent. Unique        codes identify reservation requests (REQUEST), responses        (RESPONSE), rejections (REJECT), confirmations (CONFIRM),        cancellations (CANCEL), timeouts (TIMEOUT), modifications        (MODIFY), attraction information updates (ATTRACTION_UPDATE),        reservation updates (RES_UPDATE), and other types of messages as        may be useful. For request messages, MSG_TYPE 426 would in a        preferred embodiment contain a REQUEST code.    -   REQUEST_ID 422 is a unique identification number for the request        generated by PCD 102. This enables PCD 102 to distinguish this        specific request from others that the patron may have made or        may make in the future, so as to enable correct identification        of requests in the local reservation information storage 206,        and handling of response from attraction computer 101.    -   ATTRACTION_ID 423 is a unique identification number that        identifies the attraction for which the reservation is intended.        This enables the communications modules 207, 211 to properly        direct the request to the appropriate attraction computer 101.    -   TIME 424 is used optionally if the patron has specified a        desired reservation time for attending the attraction.    -   FLAGS 425 is used optionally to indicate some special        requirements or other information derived from patron        information 202 or from some special characteristics of the        reservation request. For example, FLAGS 425 may indicate that        one of the members of patron's group is disabled and requires        wheelchair access to the attraction. Such information will be        taken into account by attraction computer 101 when scheduling        the reservation.

Data structure 420 may also include additional formatting as useful forthe particular implementation of the system, such as byte counts,checksums, request length, and the like. It may also contain informationdescribing past performance of the patron in keeping reservations, foruse by attraction computer 101 in estimating ride probability, forexample by including the patron's ride probability 253. Finally, in oneembodiment, data structure 420 includes additional fields describingother reservations previously made by the patron. Attraction computer101 can use this information to avoid scheduling conflicts with otherreservations.

The module 203 passes the request to communications module 207.Communications module 207 formats the request into the necessary dataformat used in the wireless network 105, and then transmits 307 therequest to communications module 211 in the corresponding attractioncomputer 101 through the wireless communications network 105. PCD 102then awaits an acknowledgment from attraction computer 101 indicatingthat the request is being processed, and displays a message to informthe patron that a response is being processed. While the acknowledgmentis being awaited, PCD 102 returns to idle state 501 so that otherreservations may be made by the patron and other operations may beperformed.

FIG. 5D is a sample screen 570 after a reservation request has beentransmitted. List 545 now includes item 571 showing the reservationrequest with an indication that PCD 102 is waiting for a responseregarding the request.

Upon receipt of a message from an attraction computer 101, PCD 102enters state 506 for receiving a response message. The message maycontain a description of a proposed reservation time, or it may indicatethat the attraction is unavailable. In one embodiment, response messagesemploy a data structure 420 similar to that shown in FIG. 4A, with thesame fields. The response message thus includes the same unique PCD_ID421, REQUEST_ID 422, and ATTRACTION_ID 423 fields, in order to allow PCD102 to identify itself as the intended recipient of the responsemessage, and match the response to the previously-submitted request;TIME 424 now contains the proposed reservation time generated bycomputer 101. FLAGS 425 indicate additional information that may beuseful to PCD 102. For example, if the attraction is unavailable a flagin FLAGS 425 may so indicate. A reason code may also be encoded for sucha response, so that the patron can be informed as to the reason forunavailability (for example: attraction closed, under height limit, overweight limit, reservation time not available, and the like). MSG_TYPE426 contains a RESPONSE code.

Upon receipt of the response message by the communications module 207,PCD 102 sends an acknowledgment message if such is required by theselected protocol for communication across network 105. The responsemessage is provided to the reservation confirmation module 208. Module208 checks the REQUEST_ID to match it with a request stored in localreservation information storage 206, and the appropriate flag in FLAGSis checked to determine whether the request indicates availability orunavailability of the selected attraction.

If the response message indicates that the attraction is unavailable,PCD 102 so notifies the patron by displaying an on-screen message viauser interface 201 on the display of PCD 102 explaining the reason forthe rejection. PCD 102 then returns to the idle state 501, allowing thepatron to request a reservation elsewhere or perform other operations.

If the response message indicates that the attraction is available, PCD102 proceeds to state 507 and presents an on-screen message to thepatron informing him or her of the available time. Referring now to FIG.5E, there is shown a sample screen 580 containing a message. 581informing the patron of the availability of the selected attraction at aparticular time.

If the user presses Another Time button 582, PCD 102 prompts the patronto enter a new requested time, then proceeds to state 509. PCD 102 sendsa message to computer 101 that the proposed reservation time isrejected, using data structure 420 with a MSG_TYPE 426 of REJECT. PCD102 then proceeds to state 503 to generate a new reservation requestwith the time specified by the patron. In one embodiment, an additionalMSG_TYPE of RESCHEDULE is provided to perform the rejection and newrequest in a single step. This approach has the advantage of allowingcomputer 101 to hold the previous reservation in a pending state untilthe new proposed time is processed, so that the patron does not lose theprior reservation if the new proposed time is not available. In allother respects, the new reservation request is handled in a similarmanner to an ordinary reservation request with a specified requestedtime.

If the user presses Confirm button 583, PCD 102 enters state 508. Aconfirmation message is sent using data structure 420 with a MSG_TYPE426 of CONFIRM. PCD 102 may await an acknowledgment signal if such isdictated by the particular communications protocols in use for network105. PCD 102 also stores the confirmed reservation locally in localstorage 206. PCD 102 then returns to idle state 501.

If the user presses Reject button 584, PCD 102 proceeds to state 509 tosend a rejection message to computer 101 that the proposed reservationtime is rejected, using data structure 420 with a MSG_TYPE 426 ofREJECT. PCD 102 may await an acknowledgment signal if such is dictatedby the particular communications protocols in use for network 105. PCD102 then returns to idle state 501. If the user fails to press one ofbuttons 582, 583, or 584 within a predetermined time period, PCD 102sends a TIMEOUT message and returns to idle state 501.

Referring again to FIG. 5B, previously-made reservations appear ohscreen 540 in list 545. The patron may cancel a previously-madereservation by selected the reservation with an on-screen pointer andclicking on Cancel button 547. This causes PCD 102 to enter state 511,where it retrieves the REQUEST_ID for the selected reservation and sendsa cancellation message to computer 101 that the previously-madereservation is canceled, using data structure 420 filled inappropriately for the selected reservation, with a MSG_TYPE 426 ofCANCEL. PCD 102 may await an acknowledgment signal if such is dictatedby the particular communications protocols in use for network 105. PCD102 then returns to idle state 501.

The patron may modify a previously-made reservation by selecting thereservation with an on-screen pointer from list 545 and clicking onModify button 546. This causes PCD 102 to retrieve the REQUEST_ID forthe selected reservation, send a message to computer 101 that thepreviously-made reservation is canceled, using data structure 420 filledin appropriately for the selected reservation, with a MSG_TYPE 426 ofCANCEL, and enter state 403 for requesting a new reservation for theselected attraction. The new reservation request is processed in asimilar manner as described above for ordinary reservation requests. Inone embodiment, an additional MSG_TYPE of MODIFY is provided to performa provisional cancellation and new request in a single step. Thisapproach has the advantage of allowing computer 101 to hold the previousreservation in a pending state until the new proposed time is processed,so that the patron does not lose the prior reservation if the newproposed time is not available.

Upon receipt of an ATTRACTION_UPDATE message, PCD 102 enters state 512.If applicable, patron is alerted and notified that some previously-madereservations must be modified as a result of changes to attractioninformation. Local attraction information 205 is modified if necessary.If applicable, PCD 102 proceeds to state 506 to receive a RES_UPDATEmessage indicating a new proposed time or attraction unavailability.

The reservation confirmation module 208 periodically and regularlychecks the local reservation storage 206, and further accesses a systemclock of PCD 102, to determine which reservations stored therein arewithin a specified amount of time from the current time. If thereservation time of some attraction is within the specified time, PCD102 enters state 514 to alert the patron with an audible message, beep,visual indication, or vibration. The specified amount of alert time maybe preconfigured with PCD 102, or may be established by the patronduring initialization as described above. Alternatively, the amount ofalert time may be dynamically varied as a function of the patron'sdistance to the attraction and estimated travel time, using GPS data. Asdescribed above, the current location of the patron is in one embodimentautomatically updated using a GPS, and the location of the attraction isdetermined from attraction description storage 205. Estimated travelspeed can be dynamically determined from the GPS data, or estimatedpredetermined values may be used. In this manner, the user is alertedwith sufficient time to travel to the attraction in order to make thereservation.

The reservation alert issued by module 204 may take the form of a visualindication on user interface 201, optionally accompanied by an auditoryindication such as a beep, voice message, or other distinctive sound.Module 204 may also alert the patron by use of vibrations as is known inthe art with respect to pager alerts. This is particularly advantageousin a noisy environment when an auditory alert may not be heard by thepatron, or where a visual alert may not be noticed. PCD 102 may awaitsome confirmation from the patron to indicate that the alert has beennoted (such as clicking on an onscreen button). The alert is thensilenced and PCD 102 returns to the idle state 501. If desired,additional alerts may be provided if the GPS data indicates that thepatron is not proceeding in the direction of the attraction, that patronis not proceeding to the attraction quickly enough to make thereservation time, or if the reservation has not been claimed at theappropriate time.

When the patron arrives at the attraction in fulfillment of a confirmedreservation, PCD 102 enters state 515. This situation is detected bymeans of a transmitter located at the attraction that signals patron'sarrival to PCD 102. Similarly, if a reserved time passes and the patrondoes not show up at the attraction within a predetermined or flexiblegrace period, PCD 102 detects the failure to receive the arrival messageand enters state 515. In either case, the reservation is removed fromlocal storage 206 and patron performance information, stored in 202, isupdated to reflect the patron's arrival or failure to arrive in time forthe reservation.

PCD 102 may also receive Attraction Update messages providinginformation for updating the attraction descriptions stored in 205. Suchmessages are sent by attraction computer 101 responsive to some changein the status of the attraction, such as for example if an attraction isclosed for repair. Upon receipt of such a message, PCD 102 enters state513 to update local storage of attraction descriptions 205. In oneembodiment, Attraction Update messages employ a data structure 420 asshown in FIG. 4A including the following:

-   -   PCD_ID 421 is set to a unique value (e.g. NULL) that specifies        that the message is to be sent to all PCDs 102, so that all PCDs        102 can make the appropriate changes to their attraction        descriptions 205. The unique value is distinct from other values        of PCD_ID 421 for particular PCDs.    -   MSG_TYPE 426 is set to a unique ATTRACTION_UPDATE code.    -   REQUEST_ID 422 is not applicable for Attraction Update messages.    -   ATTRACTION_ID 423 is a unique identification number that        identifies the attraction for which the information is being        updated. This enables PCDs 102 to properly update the        appropriate information.    -   TIME 424 is used optionally to provide additional data regarding        the attraction, such as for example a projected time for        re-opening of the attraction.    -   FLAGS 425 specifies the particular information being updated and        provides the updated information. For example, FLAGS 425 may        indicate that an attraction is closed, as well as the particular        reason for the closure. In one embodiment, after sending the        attraction update message, computer 101 checks the contents of        virtual queue 210 to determine whether any reservations need to        be changed. It then sends reservation update messages to all        PCDs 102 associated with such reservations. Reservation update        messages are similar to RESPONSE messages described previously,        but with a MSG_TYPE of RES_UPDATE, and a TIME proposing a new        reservation time. Confirmation or rejection is awaited as        described previously in connection with RESPONSE messages.

Referring again to FIG. 5B, the patron may change personal data byclicking on button 544. This may be necessary if, for example, thepatron discovers that some element of data is incorrect or inaccurate.If the patron clicks on button 544, he or she is taken to screen 519 asdescribed above in connection with FIG. 5A. Fields 520 and checkboxes521 and 522 are filled in for the patron as he or she previouslyindicated, and changes may be made as appropriate. Once the patron issatisfied with the changes, he or she may click Done to exit screen 519and return to screen 540.

Attraction Computer Operation

Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown a state diagram of the operationof attraction computer 101 according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

Computer 101 starts in an idle state 601. Various events may occur whichtrigger other states, as described below.

Upon startup, computer 101 enters an initialize state 602. Computer 101is activated, virtual queue 210 is initialized, and attractioninformation is loaded into storage 213 either from some external sourceor by user entry via interface 104.

Upon receipt of a reservation request message from a PCD 102, computer101 enters state 603 wherein communications module 211 receives themessage over network 105. Communications module 211 is able to recognizemessages addressed to computer 101 by reading the ATTRACTION_ID field423 of incoming messages. Communications module 211 receives the requestfrom communications module 207 and reformats the request as needed forhandling by the request processor 209. Communications module 211 alsosends an acknowledgment to PCD 102 that sent the request to indicatethat the request is being processed.

Computer 101 then enters state 604 for processing the reservationrequest, as described below in connection with FIG. 7, for requestprocessor 209 to determine whether the attraction is available orunavailable. If available, a proposed reservation time is determined andcomputer 101 enters state 605? for transmitting the proposed reservationtime back to PCD 102 that initiated the request, and the proposedreservation is entered in virtual queue 210. Request processor 209compiles the specified reservation time or position into a message usingthe received PCD_ID, ATTRACTION_ID, and REQUEST_ID, along with a flag inFLAGS indicating a proposed reservation time. This message is passed tothe communications module 211. Module 211 then transmits the messagewith the proposed reservation time to PCD 102.

While the patron is deciding whether to confirm or reject the proposedreservation, attraction computer 101 in one embodiment holds theproposed reservation time in the virtual queue 210, so that if otherpatrons request reservations at the same attraction, they will be not begiven proposed reservation times that conflict with the first patron'sproposed reservation time. However, this may cause a gap in virtualqueue 210 if the first patron rejects the proposed reservation. In oneembodiment, this gap will later be filled by one or more other patronsrequesting reservations. In an alternative embodiment, a probability ofconfirmation of reservation is determined based on some predeterminedfactors such as, for example, the patron's past behavior in rejecting orconfirming reservations, which information is tracked by the patron'sPCD 102 and included in the reservation request as additional rideprobability parameter, as discussed above. Reservation times may then be“overbooked” by attraction computer 101 to the extent permitted by thedetermined probabilities of confirmation for the patrons requesting theattraction. For example, the average ride probability for all futurereservations from the current time may be computed, and used, inconjunction with throughput and cycle time values, to determine the nextavailable reservation time or position.

In one embodiment, computer 101 also starts a timeout counter so thatthe proposed reservation can be canceled if no response is received fromthe patron within a predetermined time period. In another embodiment, nosuch counter is needed, since PCD 102 sends TIMEOUT messages when thepatron fails to respond. Computer 101 then returns to idle state 601 toawait confirmation or rejection of the proposed reservation.

If, in state 604, computer 101 determines that the attraction isunavailable, it enters state 605 for transmitting an unavailabilityresponse to PCD 102 and returns to idle state 601. The processor 209generates a rejection message according to the data structure shown inFIG. 4A, using the PCD_ID, REQUEST_ID, and ATTRACTION_ID informationfrom the request, and a flag in FLAGS 425 indicating that the requestwas rejected. As described previously, a reason code may also be encodedfor such a response, so that the patron can be informed as to the reasonfor unavailability (for example: attraction closed, reservation time notavailable, and the like). Thus, for example, if the attraction isclosing in one hour and there are sufficient reservations in the virtualqueue 210 to keep the attraction full until closing, an explanation ofthese circumstances may be encoded in FLAGS 425 and conveyed to thepatron via user interface 201. This message is passed to thecommunications module 211 for formatting and transmission to module 207of PCD 102.

As described previously, messages sent in states 605 and 606 areresponse messages formatted according to the data structure shown inFIG. 4A.

Upon receipt of a confirmation message from PCD 102, computer 101 entersstate 607. Communications module 211 sends an acknowledgment message ifsuch is required by the selected protocol for communication acrossnetwork 105. The appropriate flag in virtual queue 210 is set toindicate that the reservation is now confirmed. Computer 101 thenreturns to idle state 601.

Upon receipt of a rejection, timeout, or cancel message from PCD 102,computer 101 enters state 608. Communications module 211 sends anacknowledgment message if such is required by the selected protocol forcommunication across network 105. The reservation record is removed fromvirtual queue 210. Computer 101 then returns to idle state 601.

When a patron arrives at the attraction in fulfillment of a reservation,a sensor detects patron's arrival. The patron and his or her grouppreferably enter by way of a separate, entry dedicated for users ofsystem 100. Various mechanisms at or near this entry may be employed todetect the patron's arrival at the attraction. In one embodiment, as thepatrons enter the attraction, they may pass their communication deviceby a transmitter/receiver. The transmitter signals PCD 102 to identifyitself; PCD 102 responds with a signal including its PCD_ID, therebysignaling arrival of the patron. The arrival signal is received and sentto attraction computer 101, and the reservation for that particularpatron is identified in the virtual queue 210 using the PCD_ID andREQUEST_ID. Attraction computer 101 enters state 609.

Similarly, if a reserved time passes and the patron does not show upwithin a predetermined or flexible grace period, attraction computer 101enters state 609.

In either case, the reservation is removed from virtual queue 210.Computer 101 then returns to idle state 601.

Attraction information 213 may be changed in response to signals fromcentral attraction control interface 104. Upon receipt of such signals,computer 101 enters state 611, receives the updated information, andchanges information in 213 as appropriate. Computer 101 then sends 614ATTRACTION_UPDATE messages to PCDs 102 containing the updatedinformation, and checks 615 whether any changes to reservations invirtual queue 210 are necessitated by the update. If so; it returns tostate 604 to generate a proposed reservation time or send anunavailability message as previously described.

When physical queue monitor 103 detects changes in the physical, queuethat necessitate changes in virtual queue 210, or when attractioninformation 611 indicates a problem or other change that necessitatessuch a change, queue updater 212 causes computer 101 to enter state 612.The virtual queue 210 is updated to account for the changes. Computer101 then checks 615 whether any changes to reservations in virtual queue210 are necessitated by the update. If so, it returns to state 604 togenerate a proposed reservation time or send an unavailability messageas previously described.

Park staff may request reports through interface 104. Such reports mayindicate relevant historical analytical, and statistical data regardingoperations of attractions 101. For example, throughput graphs, patronperformance figures, and relative physical/virtual queue load graphs maybe provided. When such reports are requested, computer 101 enters state613, displays and/or prints reports, and returns to idle state 601.

Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a flowchart of requestprocessing according to one embodiment of the present invention. Thesteps of FIG. 7 are preferably performed by request processor 209 of thecomputer 101 corresponding to the requested attraction. In general, thesteps of FIG. 7 describe a method of determining an earliest possibletime to schedule a proposed reservation in virtual queue 210. This isdone by traversing virtual queue 210 to find a “gap” large enough toschedule a new proposed reservation for the patrons making the request.If no such gap is found, the proposed reservation is added to the end ofvirtual queue 210.

Processor 209 receives 702 the request from communications module 211.It then retrieves 703 attraction information from storage 213, includingthroughput, downtime, current status, and the like, as described abovein connection with FIG. 2E. Processor 209 determines 704 a desiredinterleave ratio for admitting patrons from the physical and virtualqueues. Typically, such determination is made based on several factors,including for example the size of the physical queue (determined byphysical queue monitor 103), staffing, throughput, and the like. Theinterleave ratio is expressed as R, where R is the number of persons tobe admitted from the physical queue for each person admitted from thevirtual queue. For example, if R=2, two persons are admitted from thephysical queue for every person admitted from the virtual queue.Computer 101 may vary R dynamically depending on the relative sizes ofthe physical and virtual queues. R may be fractional.

Processor 209 determines 705 the effective throughput for the virtualqueue by taking into account the interleave ratio R to allow foradmission of patrons from the physical queue. Thus, the effectivethroughput is

VQthroughput=throughput/(R+1)  (Eq. 1)

where throughput is determined from estimated, projected, current, orhistorical figures, and is measured as number of guests that can beadmitted per unit time. For example, if throughput is 120 guests perhour, and the interleave ratio (R) is 2:1, VQthroughput is 120/(2+1)=40.Thus, 40 guests can be admitted from virtual queue 210 per hour. Inalternative embodiments, other factors may also be employed indetermining VQthroughput. For example, VQthroughput can be reduced byestimated downtime percentages, or it may take into account granularityin admissions due to higher cycle capacities, or it may be adjustedaccording to variations in staffing for the attraction.

Processor 209 determines 706 whether the patron requested a specifictime for the reservation. A variable called timeReq is set 708 to thespecific time if requested, or 707 to the current time if no specifictime was requested. If PCD 102 has transmitted information describingother reservations previously made by the patron, as may be optionallyprovided in request message data structure 420, processor 209 thenchecks 709 whether other reservations previously made by the patronconflict with the time specified by timeReq; if so, timeReq is adjustedto avoid the conflict.

Processor 209 then determines 710 minimum travel time for the patron toget to the requested attraction, based on GPS data comparing coordinatesof the patron (or where the patron will be after fulfilling priorreservations) and of the attraction, together with estimated travelspeed of the patron, or based on manually entered information. Processor209 also optionally checks whether the patron will have sufficient timeto reach any previously-made reservations that occur after timeReq(based on distances between attractions). If necessary, timeReq isadjusted to account for travel time.

Processor 209 determines 711 if virtual queue 210 is empty, indicatingthat no other reservations have been made for this attraction. If so,processor 209 checks 712 whether the attraction is scheduled to beoperating at timeReq, based on stored information or current statusinformation. If not, processor 209 directs communications module 211 totransmit 722 an unavailability message. In one embodiment of the presentinvention, processor 209 will instead set timeReq to the next availableoperating time for the attraction (if any) and return to 709.

If processor 209 determines in 712 that the attraction is operating attimeReq, it adds 713 a proposed reservation to the end of virtual queue210 and directs module 211 to transmit 724 the proposed reservation tothe patron's PCD 102.

If processor 209 determines in 711 that virtual queue 210 is not empty,it searches for a suitable “gap” in virtual queue 210 to insert a newproposed reservation for the request, as follows. Processor 209 sets 714a pointer called VQpoint to 1, in order to point to the second record invirtual queue 210 (since the records are indexed from 0 to N−1, where Nis the total number of records). Processor 209 checks 715 whether thereserved time for the record indexed by VQpoint is later than timeReq.If the reserved time is not later than timeReq, processor 209 advancesto the next record by incrementing 719 VQpoint by one and checking 720whether the last record has been reached. If the last record has notbeen reached, processor 209 returns to 715. If the last record has beenreached, processor 209 proceeds to determine 712 if the attraction isoperating at that time, and adds 713 the reservation to the end ofvirtual queue as described previously.

If processor 209 determines in 715 that the reserved time for recordVQpoint is later than timeReq, this means it has passed the point invirtual queue 210 where the requested reservation should be inserted.Thus, it decrements 716 VQpoint by 1 to point to the immediatelypreceding record. It then determines whether there is a “gap” betweenrecord VQpoint and the next record. In other words, processor 209determines whether there is sufficient time between the two reservationsto allow insertion of the new reservation request. This determination ismade by first determining 717 how long it will take for patrons forreservation VQpoint to be admitted to the attraction, using VQthroughputso as to account for admission of patrons from the physical queue aswell. This amount of time is represented by:

t1=guests(VQpoint)/VQthroughput  (Eq. 2)

where guests(VQpoint) represents the number of guests included inreservation VQpoint, and VQthroughput is the value calculated earlier in705. timeReq is increased by the amount determined by Eq. 2, so thattimeReq now indicates the time at which the attraction is able to admitthe patrons making the request.

Processor 209 then determines 718 whether there is enough time betweentimeReq and the next reserved time to admit the new patrons along with asufficient number of patrons from the physical queue. Thus, processor209 calculates

t2=timeReq+(guestsReq/VQthroughput)  (Eq. 3)

where guestsReq represents the number of guests included in thereservation request. The value determined by Eq. is compared to thereserved time of the next reservation, represented bytimeReserved(VQpoint+1). If the value from Eq. 3 is greater, there is noroom for the new reservation at this point in virtual queue 210 andprocessor 209 returns to 719.

If the value from Eq. 3 is less than or equal totimeReserved(VQpoint+1), there is room for the new reservation. If PCD102 has transmitted information describing other reservations previouslymade by the patron, processor 209 checks 726 the timing of these otherreservations to determine whether he or she is available at the timespecified by timeReq, and may optionally check whether the patron willhave sufficient time to reach any previously-made reservations thatoccur after the new reservation (based on distances betweenattractions). If the patron is unavailable or will not have sufficienttime to reach other reservations, processor 209 returns to 719 to searchfor another time slot.

If processor 209 determines that the patron is available, it checks 712whether the attraction is scheduled to be operating at timeReq, based onstored information or current status information. If not, processor 209directs communications module 211 to transmit 722 an unavailabilitymessage. In one embodiment of the present invention, processor 209 willinstead set timeReq to the next available operating time for theattraction (if any) and return to 709.

If processor 209 determines in 721 that the attraction is operating attimeReq, it inserts 723 a proposed reservation at VQpoint+1 in virtualqueue 210 and directs module 211 to transmit 724 the proposedreservation to the patron's PCD 102.

Other embodiments may be used in place of the method described by FIG.7. In particular, one embodiment adjusts Eqs. 2 and 3 to account forprobability of patrons not showing up for reservations. As discussedpreviously, a ride probability may be maintained for patrons or forindividual reservations, representing an estimated probability that thepatron will show up for the reservation. Virtual queue 210 may then be“overbooked” by a certain amount to take into account these no-shows.Eq. 2 can thus be rewritten as

t1=(guests(VQpoint)/VQthroughput)*(rideProb(VQpoint)/100)  (Eq. 4)

where rideProb(VQpoint) is the ride probability for record VQpoint.

Similarly, Eq. 3 can be rewritten as

t2=timeReq+((guestsReq/VQthroughput)*(rideProbReq/100))  (Eq. 3)

where rideProbReq is the ride probability for the requested reservation.Thus, this technique essentially books extra reservations with theexpectation that some percentage of patrons will fail to show up fortheir reservations.

The above description depicts merely one embodiment of the presentinvention. Other techniques and methods could be employed withoutdeparting from the spirit or essential characteristics of the presentinvention. For example, PCD 102 may be implemented to not transmitinformation regarding previously-made reservations when a newreservation request is transmitted. In this case, processor 209 does notcheck 726 whether the patron is available at timeReq, but such checkingis done at PCD 102 after the proposed reservation is received by PCD102. Then, if the patron is not available, PCD 102 automaticallytransmits a new request with a later TIME value.

In summary, the present invention provides a system including aplurality of PCDs 102 operating in conjunction with one or moreattraction computers 101 to provide for remote scheduling ofreservations by patrons for various attractions or services throughout afacility. This enables patrons to efficiently use their time while atthe facility, increasing the number of attractions or services visitedby the patrons, thereby increasing their enjoyment of the facility. Thepresent invention further increases the facility's utilization of itsresources, including improved allocation of staff members, and otherresources. Thus, the facility experiences greater patron satisfaction,increased business, and profitability.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for assigning and managing patronreservations to one or more of a plurality of physical resources of afacility, the physical resource allowing admittance through a physicalqueue and through patron reservations, the system comprising: an inputinterface, arranged to receive a reservation request transmittedwirelessly by a wireless data device, the reservation request specifyinga particular physical resource; a processor, configured to determine areservation time or a position in a queue based at least in part onstatus information for the specified physical resource of the facilityand based on the presence of patrons in the physical queue for the oneor more physical resources of the facility; and an output interface,arranged to communicate information indicative of the determinedreservation time or queue position to the wireless data device.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising: a monitoring interface formonitoring admittance to the one or more physical resources through oneor both of the physical queue and patron reservations; and wherein theprocessor is configured to determine the reservation time or theposition in the queue based on the monitored admittance.
 3. The systemof claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine thereservation time or the position in the queue based on an interleaveratio, the interleave ratio identifying a ratio of patrons to beadmitted to the physical resource from patron reservations and patronsto be admitted to the physical resource from the physical queue.
 4. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine thereservation time or the position in the queue by calculating a functionof the ratio between a number of patrons having made a previousreservation and a predicted throughput for the physical resource.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the wireless data device communicates with awireless communication network that uses one or more of: infrared;point-to-point radio transmission; and cellular or paging networks. 6.The system of claim 1, wherein the reservation request further specifiesone or more criteria for the requested reservation.
 7. The system ofclaim 6, wherein the one or more criteria for the requested reservationcomprises one or more of: the number of people for the reservation; anage for each person in the reservation; a height for each person in thereservation; a weight for each person in the reservation; a request fora reservation at a specific time; a request for a reservation at a nextavailable time; and a preference for each person in the reservation. 8.The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determinethe reservation time based on the one or more criteria for the requestedreservation.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the status informationcomprises an indication as to whether the physical resources of afacility is operative.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the processoris further configured to determine the reservation time or the positionin a queue based at least in part on a state of the physical queue. 11.The system of claim 1, wherein the physical queue comprises a waitingarea without a set line.
 12. A method for assigning and managing patronreservations to one or more of a plurality of physical resources of afacility, the physical resource allowing admittance through a physicalqueue and through patron reservations, the method comprising: receivinga wirelessly transmitted reservation request from a wireless datadevice, the reservation request specifying a particular physicalresource; responsive to receiving the reservation request from thewireless data device, determining a reservation time or queue positionbased at least in part on status information for the specified physicalresource of the facility and based on the presence of patrons in thephysical queue for the one or more physical resources of the facility;and communicating information indicative of the determined reservationtime or queue position to the wireless data device.
 13. The method ofclaim 12, further comprising: monitoring admittance to the one or morephysical resources through one or both of the physical queue and patronreservations; and wherein the determination of the reservation time orthe position in the queue is based on the monitored admittance.
 14. Themethod of claim 12, wherein the determination of the reservation time orthe position in the queue is based on an interleave ratio, theinterleave ratio identifying a ratio of patrons to be admitted to thephysical resource from patron reservations and patrons to be admitted tothe physical resource from the physical queue.
 15. The method of claim12, wherein the determination of the reservation time is by calculatinga function of the ratio between a number of patrons having made aprevious reservation and a predicted throughput for the physicalresource.
 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the wireless data devicecommunicates with a wireless communication network that uses one or moreof: infrared; point-to-point radio transmission; and cellular or pagingnetworks.
 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the reservation requestfurther specifies one or more criteria for the requested reservation.18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more criteria for therequested reservation comprises one or more of: the number of people forthe reservation; an age for each person in the reservation; a height foreach person in the reservation, a weight for each person in thereservation; and a preference for each person in the reservation. 19.The method of claim 17, wherein the determination of the reservationtime is based on the one or more criteria for the requested reservation.20. The method of claim 12, wherein the status information comprises anindication as to whether the physical resources of a facility isoperative.
 21. A system for assigning and managing patron reservationsto one or more of a plurality of physical resources of a facility, thesystem comprising: an input interface arranged to receive a reservationrequest from a patron using a personal communications device, thereservation request specifying a particular physical resource; a patronlocation module, configured to determine a geographical location for thepersonal communications device; a processor, configured, in response atleast in part to receipt of the reservation request at the inputinterface, to determine a reservation time or a position in a queue forthe specified physical resource based on the geographical location forthe personal communications device; and an output interface, configuredto communicate information indicative of the determined reservation timeor queue position.
 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the geographicallocation for the personal communications device is determined using aGlobal Positioning System (GPS).
 23. The system of claim 21, wherein thesystem is separate from the personal communications device and the inputinterface is arranged to receive the reservation request transmittedwirelessly from the personal communications device.
 24. The system ofclaim 21, wherein the physical resource allows admittance through aphysical queue and through patron reservations and wherein the processoris configured to determine the reservation time or the position in aqueue based on the presence of patrons in the physical queue for the oneor more physical resources of the facility.
 25. The system of claim 21,wherein the processor is configured to determine the reservation time orthe position in a queue at least in part on status information for thespecified physical resource.
 26. The system of claim 21, furthercomprising: a monitoring interface for monitoring admittance to the oneor more physical resources through one or both of the physical queue andpatron reservations; and wherein the processor is configured todetermine the reservation time or the position in the queue based on themonitored admittance.
 27. The system of claim 24, wherein the processoris configured to determine the reservation time or the position in thequeue based on an interleave ratio, the interleave ratio identifying aratio of patrons to be admitted to the physical resource from patronreservations and patrons to be admitted to the physical resource fromthe physical queue.
 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the processor isconfigured to determine the reservation time by calculating a functionof the ratio between a number of patrons having made a previousreservation and a predicted throughput for the physical resource. 29.The system of claim 21, wherein the personal communications devicecommunicates with a wireless communication network that uses one or moreof: infrared; point-to-point radio transmission; and cellular or pagingnetworks.
 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the reservation requestfurther specifies one or more criteria for the requested reservation.31. The system of claim 30, wherein the one or more criteria for therequested reservation comprises one or more of: the number of people forthe reservation; an age for each person in the reservation; a height foreach person in the reservation, a weight for each person in thereservation; and a preference for each person in the reservation. 32.The system of claim 30, wherein the processor is configured to determinethe reservation time based on the one or more criteria for the requestedreservation.
 33. The system of claim 25, wherein the status informationcomprises an indication as to whether the physical resources of afacility is operative.